Gang Leader for a Day Essay - 2292 Words

Innovate Your Life In the book, Gang Leader for a Day by Sudhir Venkatesh, a sociology student from the University of Chicago starts out simply trying to understand â€Å"how it feels to be poor and black,† and ends up spending years and years figuring out the ins and outs of a gang society (Venkatesh 14). Sudhir receives the chance of a sociologist’s lifetime to see first-hand what life is like in the projects. He follows gang leader, J.T. around and studies his life at the Robert Taylor homes for years. Throughout Venkatesh’s experience he witnesses many things some people go a lifetime without seeing. For example, he was no stranger to seeing people use drugs or get beat up by gang members. One interesting aspect of Venkatesh’s experiment†¦show more content†¦He makes his money in various ways. Besides selling drugs through his gang, he also runs three buildings. He would allow people who were known as squatters to stay in the building when it was cold out. They were allowed to hang out in the stairwells and the gang provided them protection for a little bit of money. The gang was always finding ways like this to collect money. They would allow prostitutes to come and live there and some of them would do business there but they also had a fee to pay. Anyone who J.T. allowed to stay in his buildings without a lease would get taxed on their earnings for whatever type of business they were doing. But in return the Black Kings would provide them with protection. Venkatesh learned a lot about the gang’s hierarchy and J.T.’s â€Å"business plans.† Early in their relationship, J.T. explained the structure to making money in the drug game to Sudhir while he planned his move to running the Robert Taylor homes. He calls the Robert Taylor homes â€Å"easy money† because of how convenient the location was for white people to drive over. He also says he would go from making thirty thousand dollars a year to seventy-five thousand dollars or maybe even a hundred thousand a year (towards the end of the book J.T. is making somewhere around two hundred thousand dollars a year). This is where J.T. begins to explain the ladder of moving up in the gang and how he wants to move up. Throughout the book VenkateshShow MoreRelatedGang Leader For A Day957 Words   |  4 Pagescompared to only 5.4% of unemployed white people (Street,2007). These statistics represent racial inequality which caused a lot of internal, and external damage to the black population. Rogue Sociologist, Sudhir Venkatesh’s (2008) novel called Gang Leader for a Day, reveals this disparity. In 1989 Sudhir participated in qualitative research, by studying the lives of people from the projects of Chicago. The projects are a subsidized housing development, provided by the government which requires low rentRead MoreGang Leader for a Day Essay2388 Words   |  10 PagesGang Leader For A Day SECTION 1 1.) How would you respond if a graduate student from an elite university turned up at your door and announced his intention to study you? If a graduate student from an elite university showed up at my door with intentions to study me, I think that I would allow him access. I would like the chance to hear what they had to say about my lifestyle. I’ve always questioned the way I live and if other peoples lives’ are similar. I don’t think that I live an oddRead MoreGang Leader for a Day by Sudhir Venkatesh1376 Words   |  6 Pagesunfamiliar with the black culture within Chicago. In his book Gang Leader for a Day, he tells of his sociology research within one of the roughest housing projects in Chicago. Sudhir starts his research by talking to a few elderly gentlemen he played chess with at the park. His conversation with them led him to the Robert Taylor Housing Projects which was described as one of the worst Ghettos in America. His research began the first day he arrived with his clipboard of questionnaires ready to askRead MoreGang Leader for a Day: Book Review1413 Words   |  6 Pagesà ¯ » ¿ Gang Leader for a Day Book Review It takes a lot of guts and no small amount of courage and cunning to infiltrate a street gang in the tough neighborhoods of Chicago, but that is what Sudhir Venkatesh did as a 23-year-old graduate student at the University of Chicago. In order to find out first-hand how a gang that earns its money selling crack cocaine functions from the inside, Venkatesh dared to get involved on a superficial basis with the gang. But Venkatesh wasnt seen as person who wasRead MoreGang Leader For A Day : A Rogue Sociologist1589 Words   |  7 Pages Having read the book Gang Leader for a Day: a rogue sociologist takes to the streets by Venkatesh (2008), based on my childhood education (formal and informal), life circumstances, personal and professional life experiences, I perceive JT to be a lawbreaker. Moreover, based on how our society informally defines a criminal or lawbreaker, JT is clearly someone who does not or will not conform with our collective legal standards or requirements based o n the majority opinion of the wider publicRead MoreGang Leader For A Day Chapter Summary2784 Words   |  12 PagesAP English Language Ms. Donohue Gang Leader for a Day Chapter Summary CH. 1- Characters 1 s Name: Sudhir Venkatesh. Sudhir is Indian, he was born lived in California. He walks into the projects and stays overnight with a gang even though he knows he doesn t fit in.ï » ¿ Sudhir respects J.T. s rules and isn t intrusive with the gang. Sudhir is a university student wanting his degree in Sociology. Sudhir is also intelligent because he goes undercover into a gang for his project that will gain himRead MoreEssay about Gang Leader for a Day1786 Words   |  8 PagesIn the book, Gang Leader for a Day, a rogue sociologist passionately dives into the lives of one of Chicago’s toughest housing projects in an attempt to develop an insight as to how the urban impoverished lived. Throughout the text it becomes clear that a conflict paradigm is being reflected. A conflict society is based on social inequality, in which some individuals benefit and thrive more than others, which tends to lead to conflict and thus change. This is evident both in the housing projectsRead MoreThe Gang That The Author, Sudhir Venkantesh1148 Words   |  5 Pages I would describe the gang that the author, Sudhir Venkantesh, studies in this book as a deviant group because they are not following usual or accepted standards in social behavior. â€Å"Deviance is a behavior, trait or belief that departs from a norm and generates a negative reaction in a particular group†. (Real World, Kerry Ferris, Jill Stein, p 153) According to this definition we can definitely see gangs departing from a norm by committing many crimes and not obeying the laws. One example to deviantRead MoreSocial Control And Its Impact On America s Public Housing Essay1658 Words   |  7 PagesChicago’s public housing soon found themselves in dilapidated, drug-infested, crime-filled, isolated centers of despair. During a time in which most American citizens could easily turn their eyes from the struggles of the poor, Sudhir Venkatesh’s Gang Leader for a Day took readers into the depths of the world in which the poor resided. Through Venkatesh’s wor k, readers are inadvertently introduced to broader sociological concepts such as, collective efficacy within communities, the concentration effect,Read MoreEssay about Street Gangs in the United States1399 Words   |  6 PagesStreet gangs in this country can probably be traced back to the first wave of Europeans who migrated to the colonies for a better life for themselves and their families. Many of the first gangs were formed as a means of self protection, with the thinking that there is simply strength in numbers. The missions of gangs in today’s society have grown and emerged to include many violent criminal avenues, including drug trafficking, prostitution, money laundering, and extortion but the original thinking

Not Just Your Kids Problem Adult ADHD Essay - 812 Words

Not Just Your Kids Problem: Adult ADHD Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Everyone has heard of it. A few years ago every newspaper and weekly magazine had a feature about the disorder. The disorder was mostly associated with school-aged children because that was the time when most of the symptoms surfaced. Today ADHD is the most common behavior disorder diagnosed in children and teens. ADHD refers to a group of symptoms that begin in early childhood and can continue into adulthood, causing difficulties at home, at school, at work, and within the community if not recognized and treated (1). But what most people never hear was that ADHD also affects adults and if left untreated can have serious effects. ADHD is a†¦show more content†¦There are a couple of reasons why it is more difficult to diagnose an adult with ADHD than it is to identify a child with the same problem. One of the problems is that there is no real test for ADHD. Instead there are a series of evaluations that must be done that rule out other problems (2). The American Psychiatric Association describes the symptoms and criteria for diagnosing mental disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Information used to diagnose the condition includes: an interview with the person, medical history, to include asking about the social, emotional, educational, and behavioral history of the person, physical exam, behavior rating scales or checklists for ADHD to evaluate the persons symptoms. In the past these questions were geared towards children. Now researchers have realized that as a child with ADHD matures, the symptoms evolve so that they may be harder to detect. Adults with ADHD usually develop coping mechanisms that make up for their problems. Specific tools have been developed to aid in the diagnosis in adults. An example, physical hyperactivity may evolve into excessive talking or foot tapping. 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Many individuals are quick to jump to the conclusion that â€Å"Oh, that kid’s parents don’t care, or just don’t know how to raise their child.† That could very well be a possibility, but most people never think that maybe they have a hereditary problem, such as ADHD, that was passed on to the child. This cannot be helped by the child, it is out of their control, but can be just as easily overcame than to just using their disorder or disability as a crutch. It is a very controversial topicRead More Students That Suffer With ADD Should NOT Be Placed In Specialized Classes1677 Words   |  7 PagesShould Students that Suffer with ADD Be Placed in Specialized Classes? Many adults and caregivers do not know what Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) is and therefore do not know how to properly care for those children. They believe that because their children have ADD, they will not be able to learn or succeed in a normal class with other normal students. 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The Reflections On Observations Carried Out Education Essay Free Essays

string(50) " a clip so the pupil will non experience abashed\." Joe is a 13 old ages old pupil. During the Primary school, his behavioral and learning troubles and his academic advancement were the instructor and parents chief concern. He was unable to concentrate and finish his work and was holding jobs to maintain up with the course of study. We will write a custom essay sample on The Reflections On Observations Carried Out Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Education Psychologist assessed him with terrible dyslexia when he was 8 old ages old. It was noted that although attending troubles were impacting significantly his literacy undertakings, his literacy troubles were more declarative of deficient exposure to reading and spelling regulations. Furthermore, it was reported that Joe has terrible dyslexia, which was impeding his advancement at school. At the Child Guidance Clinic he was besides assessed with oppositional noncompliant upset. Joe manifests low ego regard and assurance in the manner he behaves. He often mentions that he is non good for anything and when person praises him, he does non believe it. He has troubles in authorship and reading, even though he has an astonishing spoken vocabulary and fertile imaginativeness. Joe receives the support of a shared acquisition support helper which has to back up three other pupils. Introduction â€Å" For a dyslexic who does non yet know they are dyslexic, life is a large high wall you ne’er think you will be able to mount or acquire over. The minute you understand there is something called dyslexia, and there are ways of acquiring around the job, the whole universe opens up † ( Successful Peoples with Dyslexia – Jackie Stewart, international race auto driver ) . The universe we live in today is full of print so it is really easy to understand why both spoken and written linguistic communication is so of import and necessary in human communicating. Besides at school we are still depending excessively much on literacy. One can easy understand the concern of both parents and pedagogues when they notice the first marks of specific larning jobs such as dyslexia, when a pupil despite of equal intelligence and educational chances is still non doing the coveted advancement in countries of larning which involve literacy but at the same clip he is making highly good in topics which do non affect reading and authorship. â€Å" All right, † I told myself, â€Å" you may non be the brightest male child in the school, but you know every bit much about autos as any of your friends. You may hold to work a spot harder, do things in a somewhat different manner. You may hold to pay excess attending to detail, but you can make it. † ( The Telegraph 2007 – Jackie Stewart, international race auto driver ) . Normally when we hear about the word dyslexia, we associate it with reading, composing, spelling and Maths jobs but that is merely one face of the learning disablement. Harmonizing to Ronald D. Davis, an writer who he himself has dyslexia, there is the positive side of Dyslexia. He mentions several famous persons with dyslexia and insists that these people are masterminds because they have dyslexia. Davis references eight basic abilities which harmonizing to him all dyslexics portion. These eight abilities harmonizing to Davis if non suppressed, invalidated or destroyed by defenders or instructors, will ensue in two features: higher than normal intelligence and extraordinary originative abilities. ( Davis, 1997 ) . Contemplations on observations carried out Parents should be a valued beginning of assessmentA When I was given the blessing to detect Joe, I was advised that unluckily due to familiar jobs it would non be wise to detect him in out of school environment. At the same clip I was informed that alternatively I could repair an assignment with his female parent at school. As I know that parents are an first-class resource of information, I did n’t waver to repair this meeting. â€Å" Parents are an priceless portion of the instruction squad and if they are non to the full included both the school and the student will be disadvantaged. † ( Grech Louisa A ; Philip cited on Azzopardi A. , 2010:52 ) . I learned that Joe is really originative at place, particularly in place decorating jobs. His female parent besides informed me that she herself has dyslexia and so she could sympathize with his defeat when he has to read and compose and when he experiences reluctance to go to school due to feelings of failure. She still remembers what she had to travel through back in clip, when there was less awareness about larning disablements. This shows that when a household member is sing a learning disablement all the household is affected frequently in a negative manner ( Dyson, 1996 ) . The term ‘specific larning disablement ‘ means a â€Å" upset in one or more of the basic psychological procedures involved in understanding or in utilizing linguistic communication, spoken or written, which disorder may attest itself in the imperfect ability to listen, believe, talk, read, compose, spell or make mathematical computations † ( IDEA 2004 ) ( as cited in Falzon class notes 2013 ) . Troubles in literature Spelling I observed that spelling is one of the activities which pose most challenges for Joe. Spelling errors could be noticed even in short words and across both linguistic communications. He was observed utilizing phonemic spelling for non phonemic words. Joe experiences troubles with disorderly spelling. As he can non trust on his ocular memory to assist him, he attempts to spell words in a manner in which although all right letters are at that place, they are written in the incorrect order. â€Å" Disorderly spellings ‘ show that the kid is sing trouble with ocular memory † ( Dyslexia Teacher ) . I ‘ve frequently observed that Joe becomes really defeated when he hands over his assignments to his instructor or LSA as when they look into his work he ever has many errors. It would assist if pedagogues adopt certain schemes when rectifying. Correction should be done discretely and off from equals. Red ink should be avoided and merely one type of error should be corrected at a clip so the pupil will non experience abashed. You read "The Reflections On Observations Carried Out Education Essay" in category "Essay examples" Using the phoneme count game during rectification can assist Joe. In this activity, Joe listens carefully to the sounds and counts them out and besides cleavage. He so tries to compose these words either on a laminated sheet or else he uses sandpaper letters. In this manner he can run his fingers over the letters and feels them. The most of import thing is to reenforce on a regular basis the words learned. Reading Joe besides experiences reading troubles, in fact Dyslexia is a specific trouble that is known to affects reading and spelling. â€Å" Dyslexia is characterised by troubles in treating word-sounds and by failings in short term verbal memory ; its effects may be seen in spoken linguistic communication every bit good as written linguistic communication † ( Dyslexia Action, once Dyslexia institute 2007 ( as cited in Falzon class notes 2013 ) . Fortunately during my observations, he was ne’er asked to read in public but I ‘ve had the chance to listen while he was reading to the LSA. Joe reads really easy and when he tries to read faster he makes a batch of errors. I besides observed that Joe makes up the narrative utilizing illustrations or his imaginativeness. This has little or no relation whatsoever to the text which he is reading. He besides adds words which do non demo in the text. Joe can sound out parts of words but can non synthesise all the sounds into the whole word. His phonological accomplishments are non yet to the full developed and so he finds it hard to organize the sounds within words or to recognize syllables within a word. Joe experiences cleavage troubles and needs a batch of support to retrieve the order of sounds in a peculiar word. Joe should ne’er be asked to read aloud to his equals. If he is willing to make so passage for reading should be given beforehand and text and founts be adapted harmonizing to his penchants. Besides coloring material of paper may cut down reading troubles ( Irien 2005 ) ( as cited on Azzopardi, 2010, pg100 ) . Writing Many pupils with larning disablements who have reading troubles besides may hold problem composing ( Walker, Shippen, Alberto, Houchins, A ; Cihak, 2005 as cited in Salend, 2008, p.68 ) . While he is composing I observed that he reverses letters like â€Å" vitamin D † and â€Å" B † and â€Å" Q † and â€Å" P † . Joe takes really long to compose as he keeps spelling each and every word while he is composing. Besides he has troubles to bring forth thoughts and organize these thoughts into meaningful sentences. Besides while he writes his vocabulary is instead restricted. â€Å" An scrutiny of their authorship may uncover jobs in the countries of thought coevals, text administration, sentence construction, vocabulary use, spelling and Grammar. These composing troubles can impact their public presentation across the course of study † ( Salend, 2008 ) . For written assignments, Joe should be given excess clip and be praised for his creativeness. Besides computing machines, word-processors and spell-checks are really of import. For a pupil like Joe who has issues with his script and his spelling, ICT can be of tremendous benefit ( Pollock et Al ) . â€Å" Every kid has the right of entree to the course of study, yet we take away that right from so many pupils † ( Thomson, 2003 ) as cited on Azzopardi, 2010, pg.97 ) . The National Minimum Curriculum states that â€Å" We need to provide for the fact that all kids come to school with a different luggage and the Universal Designed acquisition ( UDL ) adheres to it. UDL is a model to extinguish barriers and do course of study accessible for all pupils by supplying: * Multiple agencies of representations of information to pupils. * Multiple agencies of look by pupils to show what they know. * Multiple agencies of battle to excite scholar ‘s involvement and motive. We as pedagogues should get down earnestly believing about differentiated acquisition experiences if we truly believe in inclusion. Troubles in Maths While I was detecting Joe during assorted Maths lessons it was really obvious that he was happening it hard to prolong attending. Joe can make arithmetic really easy but for him word jobs and algebra are a existent concern. He besides shows hapless memory for sequences, facts and information that has merely been given. Geller and Smith ( 2002 ) suggested that: jobs in the perceptual registry, every bit good as short-run memory, may negatively impact the math accomplishment of pupils with larning disablements ( as cited on Bender, 2004, pg.216 ) . During Maths, Joe shows dependance on finger numeration. Fortunately nobody of all time asked him to halt utilizing this method. I commend the Maths instructor for supplying Joe with press releases and worksheets to forestall him from copying from the whiteboard. The lone expostulation I have is that he should hold given them to everyone else in category. In this manner, Joe would non be seen as the uneven one out. I besides admire the manner in which the LSA works with Joe during this lesson. He reads the jobs for Joe and foreground the cardinal parts. At the same clip he encourages Joe to jot short notes about those cardinal parts. The LSA besides draws diagrams to assist him organize and understand better the information presented in the job as it is being presented in a ocular mode. I besides support the manner in which the LSA encourages Joe to look for words which are clearly highlighted on the press release alternatively of spelling them herself therefore cut downing learned weakness. Harmonizing to Martin Seligman â€Å" Learned weakness is the province of head created when an animate being or human being learns to act impotently, even with the agencies to get away or avoid an unpleasant state of affairs † ( Helping Psychology, 2010 ) . Troubles in Administration â€Å" You besides can promote pupils to work independently by assisting them develop their organizational accomplishments † ( Finstein, Yao Yang A ; Jones 2006 ; Mizelle, 2005 ) as cited on Salend 2008, pg.245. From what I observed, Joe needs to be taught ways and agencies of how he can be more organized. During most of the lessons Joe needed motivating to bring his text editions and files. He was non certain which 1s corresponded to the lesson which was traveling on in the category. For him all the books seemed the same. Besides he frequently came to school without his prep. I shortly realised that something had to be done in this respect. The LSA and the instructors should work hand in glove to implement administration schemes. Books, copybooks and files should be coloring material coded harmonizing to the topic. This would heighten acknowledgment. Besides as the LSA has to help more pupils he can promote peer coaction where other pupils assist Joe. Besides an hypertrophied transcript of the timetable should be glued to his desk therefore doing it easier for him to cognize what is following. Before the pupil leaves the category, the LSA should do certain that Joe has packed all the books needed for analyzing and prep. The instructor should besides make his or her portion. Home plants should be written on the board every bit early as possible during the lesson and the LSA should look into what he has written. The communicating book is another of import tool to better administration accomplishments. Troubles in Behaviour During my observations I observed that Joe has troubles to understand societal cues and to act in a socially acceptable manner in assorted scenes. He lacks interpersonal accomplishments and this impairs negatively on his ability to organize meaningful friendly relationships. Unfortunately he is regarded by some of his equals and instructors as socially troubled and this impinges on his self-pride and the self-esteem attributed to him by other pupils. Children normally react to academic failure by neglecting in behavior. Why? Because so all eyes are on your kid ‘s bad behavior and non on her failure in reading and authorship. She ‘s labelled as boisterous, but that ‘s much easier for her to bear than being thought of as â€Å" dense † ( Wood, 2006, pg.64 ) . Frequently bad behavior is dissembling the pupil ‘s emphasis and he is utilizing such behavior to show emotions. But it is really of import that the pedagogue prompts Joe to alter behavior. Peoples with dyslexia must besides be encouraged to utilize their strengths to get the better of their failings. This will understate bad behavior. â€Å" They have many particular strengths which they should ever be encouraged to develop to the full. Their intelligence and normalcy in every other domain of life must be emphasised at all times, so they can carry through their possible † ( Blight, 1998, pg.6 ) . Joe should be supported to construct meaningful friendly relationship. This can be done by set uping schoolroom communities and circle of friends. By making so we would be making a supportive and caring community around the pupil and would besides be advancing the thought that diverseness is healthy. â€Å" Such community-building group activities promote friendly relationships and credence by making a category individuality that recognises the similarities and differences among pupils and the alone parts of each category member † ( Harriott A ; Martin, 2004 ; Obenchain A ; Abernathy, 2003 ) ( as cited in Salend, 2008, pg.234 ) . Troubles in motor accomplishments Deficits in all right motor accomplishments, have besides been identified in footings of the characteristically hapless script ( Benton, 1978 ; Miles, 1983 ) , and copying in immature kids ( Badian, 1984 ; Rudel, 1985 ) , coupled with trouble to bind shoe lacings ( Miles, 1983 ) as cited on Reid et al 2008, pg.83. Although the psychological study states that â€Å" Gross motor developmental mileposts featured age-appropriately † , it should hold mentioned the all right motor accomplishments which as I have observed still necessitate to better and dysgraphia. Joe still has troubles in cutting, pulling, and binding his shoe lacings. He holds his pen excessively tightly and exerts heavy force per unit area when composing with the consequence that his motions are restricted. This is one ground why he finds composing so hard and boring. I have besides observed that spacing between words is non standard and often his composing expressions like a whole block of text. Besides he can non maintain within the lines while composing. Joe ‘s composing floats above and cuts down through the lines and his letters are frequently uneven. I besides had the chance to detect Joe ‘s position during the lessons. He frequently slouches in his chair and sits awkwardly at his desk. This continues to encroach negatively on his script. It is an absolute necessity that Joe ‘s script is improved. This can be done by learning him and supplying him with chances to pattern the uninterrupted authorship manner. â€Å" The most widely recommended script manner is called uninterrupted longhand. Its most of import characteristic is that each missive is formed without taking the pencil off the paper and accordingly, each word is formed in one, fluxing motion † ( British Dyslexia Association ) . Besides we should guarantee good position, where the chair and desk are in the right tallness and the pupil is sitting directly with his pess level on the land. I would besides urge that Joe is seen by an Occupational healer which could give him regular exercisings to beef up his fingers and custodies musculuss. â€Å" Daily pattern is the ideal. A small and frequently is better than a hebdomadal endurance contest session. Motor accomplishments develop with ripening, pattern and experience † ( Branson, 2007, Pg.54 ) . Troubles in Self-Esteem â€Å" I come to school. I see all the other friends. Who can rite and read. But me, I ‘m all on my ain Not good at riteing. Not good at reading. I site on my bed, I cry I cry and I cry. But I boh’t see why. It ‘s so hared for me. Ca n’t you see? † By Jodie Cosgrave, age 11. ( as cited in Social and Emotional Aspects of Dyslexia by Dr. Gilda Palti, 1996 ) . As literacy accomplishments are so strongly emphasized in our current educational system, pupil like Joe frequently experience a great trade of failure as I had the chance to detect. These experiences adversely impact his ego regard. We as pedagogues need to demo him that he has both strengths and weaknesses precisely like anybody else. Praise at the appropriate times is really of import to increase motive. Educators can promote Joe to make activities where he can see success so he will be able to increase his self-esteem. That ‘s why it is of import for Joe to hold humanistic disciplines, physical instruction and IT lessons during the hebdomad. These are the countries in which he can stand out and experience satisfied about his schooling experience. With a batch of difficult work and doggedness, the pedagogues can lend to understate the effects of dyslexia and maximize the â€Å" I am good as anyone else † factor. Self-government is the ultimate end where the pupils use strengths to get the better of failings. â€Å" One indispensable component of authorization is self-determination † ( Wehmeyer, 1993,1994 ) . Self-government is the antonym of erudite weakness. When pupils have control over their life, their self-pride is boosted. Besides when pupils are responsible for planning and determinations, people view them otherwise. â€Å" Self-government refers to volitional actions that enable one to move as the primary causal agent in one ‘s life and to keep or better one ‘s quality of life † ( Wehmeyer, 2007, p.6 ) . Troubles in Attention Comprehension and Memory When the instructor negotiations for long periods of clip, Joe becomes highly defeated because he experiences troubles to prolong attending and because he has weak audile memory. The LSA adapts the notes which are taken during the lesson and high spots keywords to do it easier for him to retrieve them when revising. Unfortunately some instructors do transport on with the lesson even when they are to the full cognizant that Joe and other pupils are non following. To add abuse to injury when they use the whiteboard they write in a disorganized manner and chorus from utilizing any visuals so Joe finds it wholly impossible to follow. To heighten his memory, the LSA could utilize a voice recording equipment to enter the instructor ‘s account. These recordings could so be used back at place to enable Joe to understand at his ain gait and to follow print with audile input. From clip to clip, Joe could besides be asked to verbally rephrase stuff taught to measure his comprehension and reinforce acquisition. Besides repeat should be uninterrupted. Concerted acquisition, where pupils are assigned to squads, and they all portion cognition and accomplishments and seek aid from others, can besides be good. â€Å" A concerted acquisition format that places more duty on group members is the larning together attack † ( Johnson, Johnson, A ; Holubec, 2002 ) ( as cited in Salend, 2008, pg.404 ) . Concerted acquisition besides avoids labelling. Another scheme which the pedagogues can utilize is peer tutoring. A equal who demonstrates good comprehension accomplishments can help Joe in larning a new accomplishment. â€Å" In equal tutoring, one pupil coach assists another in larning a new accomplishment. Peer tutoring additions pupil larning across a scope of content countries and Fosters positive attitudes toward school for coachs and tutees † ( Heron, Villareal, Yao, Christianson, A ; Heron, 2006 ; Miller 2005 ) ( as cited in Salend, 2008, pg.403 ) . Peer tutoring besides increases motive as pupils enjoy working together and their academic public presentation improves. â€Å" It besides promotes a greater sense of duty and an improved self-concept, every bit good as increased academic and societal accomplishments † ( Spencer, 2006 ) ( as cited in Salend, 2008, pg.403 ) . Educators need to supervise while they are implementing this scheme. The instructors should help his attending and comprehension by utilizing visuals, composing on the board in an orderly manner, utilizing non cursive and clear penmanship and utilizing different colorss on surrogate lines so Joe can follow better. Teachers should besides be made cognizant that as pupils like Joe think chiefly with images and feelings the usage of structured multi-sensory techniques is greatly encouraged. Multi-sensory methods increase the concentration span of pupils. â€Å" Dyslexic kids need to utilize structured multi-sensory methods. This means utilizing as many senses as possible at a clip to do learning easier-looking, hearing, stating and making † ( Dyslexia Teaching Today often asked inquiries ) . Students with Dyslexia can profit enormously from the sensitiveness of the schoolroom instructors who implement some appropriate schemes without needfully incurring excess loads. â€Å" Low outlooks lead to limited attempt, high outlooks lead to defeat, a realistic assessment of each topic is hence indispensable † ( Christine Firman, 1998 as cited on the Malta Independent ) . The pedagogues are responsible to supply meaningful and actuating acquisition and should be cognizant of the pupils ‘ metacognition. Besides they must non overload pupils with inordinate information. Vygotsky believed that, â€Å" instructors should play an informative function invariably steering and fostering their students in order to better their attending span, concentration, and larning accomplishments, and so construct up their competency ( as cited on Collin et al.,2012, pg. 270 ) . Decision During these last old ages at that place have been greater attempts to increase consciousness about dyslexia. However despite all this, stigma about this status is still rampant. Some pedagogues are still sceptic about dyslexia and this attitude is harming pupils and impacting their instruction development and ego regard. Students with dyslexia are still being labelled as stupid and lazy. This attitude is besides negatively encroaching on the whole construct of inclusion as it fails to supply the appropriate environment and support for all pupils to larn together. Tanti Burlo ‘ , ( 2010 ) notes that â€Å" it has become more and more apparent that the successful inclusion of a kid with disablement, and of all kids at that, depends on the acquisition environment the kids are immersed in † . Restrictions of the survey For this survey purpose observations at place and in the community could non be included due to serious household jobs. Had I been able to detect Joe outside school, it would hold given me greater penetration and information and findings would hold had more strength. How to cite The Reflections On Observations Carried Out Education Essay, Essays

Strategic Management and Information System- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theStrategic Management and Information System forBilliton. Answer: Ordered flowchart of the processes involved in sales is as follows: Introduction In the modern world of business, it is important for the firms to manage their business process in a smarter way. For doing so it is essential for the firms to make use of Information and technology systems. There are many software packages that are available for the company which they can utilize for their different business processes (Swayne, Duncan and Ginter, 2012). BHP Billiton Limited is the mining, metal and petroleum public limited problem. This report highlights the ways operational errors are removed by the use of IT software. It also describes the system that is designed for solving many kinds of problems. The current position of the company is also described in this report. Current organizational structure According to the views, Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson, (2012) Organisational structure is described as the hierarchy that is followed by the organization. It represents the levels of the different workers of the company. This company operates under a dual listed firm structure with two parent firms (BHP limited and BHP Billiton Plc). It is operated as a single economic entity, which they refer to as BHP. They are running a unified management and Board. The Board committee members consist of the chairman of nomination and governance committee. They have the board of members at the top, and then they have executives below them like Managing Directors and Chief Executive Officer. Below them, there are Advisory members. Below them line managers at the workplace and then staff members at the lower place. Operational problems that organization faces due to this structure As per the views Heras?Saizarbitoria and Boiral, (2013), there are several kinds of operational problems that are faced by the BHP Billiton due to its organizational structure. Due to its dual-listed structure, the decision-making process gets complicated. Since there is a large amount of members that are involved in the process of decision making and providing feedback hence the process gets weaker. Some of the operational processes like human resource management is being maintained by the executives and hence they are unable to understand the organizational needs in various sections of the firm. The leadership has not involved lower-level staffs members in important processes within an organization. This is a matter of problem in terms of employee confidence. They must have to involve people from different levels of the company. It will increase the chances of taking decisions that are not favorable to the government. Since both companies in the collaborations have a different kind of business statements and culture of working and hence the collaboration makes it difficult to work with same productivity. This poses a question mark on the efficiency of the firm working process. Strategic decision-making process is the highly complex process. Most likely system acquisition model There are many kinds of system acquisition model that has been used various companies. Customised software is highly helpful in making the processes of the firm easier since they are designed as per the need of BHP Billiton but they do not satisfy the needs of people that can be very effective when concerned with the organization of such scale. The most difficulty with such type of model is that various software is made for different works which may not be capable to work with each other. Since this company is in many fields then the system acquisition model that is used is ERP. The acquisition process based on a rational or normative decision-making process. It is an approach embedded within the ERP system life cycle. An ERP system suppliers are today striving to penetrate the segment of the market. Enterprise Resource planning typically drives all the options right through the use of a system. The Priem, Li and Carr, (2012) state that ERP acquisition model is used for managing the technological needs of the company. This model understands the needs of the company and changes can be made easily. This kind of changes is made according to the evaluation that is made after monitoring. Since it is an integrated management of major business processes more likely in real time and medicated by technology with the help of software (Hill, Jones Schilling, 2014). This system model helps in the wide range of business processes starting from product planning to the time when it is sold in the market. It helps in financial management as well as the accounting of different functional units. Preparing a system flowchart of procedures involved in sales for BHP Billiton Ordered flowchart of the processes involved in sales is as follows: Control problem related to the system and possible frauds According to Trovo et. al., (2013) these systems have some kinds of control problems. This control problem raises the issues of the firm when concerned with increasing the efficiency of the people. If there is any discrepancy in the control system then the result that is obtained from the system can be repetitive and may have faults in it. One of the biggest problem related to the system is the communication. It is always difficult to maintain the communication standards while using such a large system. Apart from this, there are many risks that are associated with the system. Data can be taken by external people by hacking the system. Since in ERP financial and operational task s also managed hence if the control is loosed then it may lead to long-term loses for the company ultimately resulting in business failure. It is difficult for the system administrators to manage the fraud that can be done to the system. The Lpez-Nicols and Meroo-Cerdn, (2011) States that in the technology advances, fraud is becoming increasingly complicated and difficult to detect, especially when individuals collide. Surveys show that the median loss from the collude fraud is much greater than the fraud perpetrated by individuals (Hahn Powers. 2010). Despite its prevalence and potentially devastating effects internal auditors often fail to consider collusion in their fraud assessment and detection efforts. There are several techniques that are used for detecting such kind of frauds. Transaction mining is one of the most used methods. It is important for the firm to detect such kind of frauds as it helps in managing data and keeping it safe which is extremely crucial in the case of bigger firms like BHP Billiton. Development and adoption of accounting software packages As per the views Aspara et. al., (2011) it is important for the firms to choose its accounting software packages. It can be developed or can be adopted from the available software. Some of the companies use their own customised software. In present times cloud-based accounting software in Australia is highest. Connecting accounting software with internet empowered organizations in managing its accounting data. The two major benefit associated with such kind of adoption software is automation and integration of accounting functions. Both helps to provide firm with a competitive edge over other rivals. Features such as invoicing, fast bank reconciliation, accessibility through mobile-based apps, faster inventory management, integrated payrolls, dashboard, smart reports, expenses claiming and bill payments makes this accounting software more user-friendly. The design of accounting software hugely varies based on complexity and cost (Grey, Emer Sheng, 2014). It also assists in the finan cial management of the company and hence used in managerial decision making. One of the biggest problems with the modern day accounting software is related to the incompatible formats as well as duplication. Xero accounting software is one of the most widely used software that can be used inside BHP Billiton. It uses the system model known as Software as a service (SaaS). Using SaaS with internet helps a company with an application that can be operated with simple web browsers. It can be changed from time to time as per the demand of people. Since there is lack of security standards that are present in cloud hence use of firewalls is necessary. Identify management measures can be beneficial for providing authentication to service. The current market size of BHP Billiton According to the Barney, (2012) this company is one of the biggest firms that is operating in Australia. The market size refers to the market share this company is having in which it is operating. This company is having the turnover of around 207,556,649 dollars. Apart from this, it has a market capitalization of around 87936 dollars (Fleisher Bensoussan, 2015). The company revenue is around 60 billion US dollars. Its size can be understood by the fact that it is the second largest mining firm in the whole world. It has made a profit of around 6.2billion US dollars. It is the largest firm inside Australia in terms of market capitalization. It has a primary listing in that London Stock Exchange and its also the constituent of FTSE 100 index. This company is operational in around 25 countries all around the world. It is employing around 41000 people. It is having four primary operational units. It is dealing in the business of Coal, Copper, Iron ore, Petroleum as well as in potash. In the year 2015, it has produced an around 256 million barrels of oil equivalent, 1.7 million tonnes of copper, 233 Mt of iron ore, 43 Mt of metallurgical coal and 41 Mt of energy coal. Underlining all these data, it can be said that it is the largest diversified natural resources firm. Identifying leaders in market and things that make competitive advantage In the views of Stead and Stead, (2013) there are many market leaders in the industry in which BHP Billiton is operating. Competitors are increasing day by day and it has risen to cutthroat level. Some of the biggest competitors is Arconic Inc, RIO TINTO Ltd. Both these companies use various kinds of strategies for leading in the market. To attract number of customers towards its business all competitor company is using aggressive marketing which is dangerous for the business of BHP Billiton. For achieving competitive advantage over other there are following strategies that have been used: Making use of technologies that reduces the operational cost which helps in increasing the profit margin of the firm. Taking use of customised or ERP software is helping a company in making their working process easier as well as taking decision according to it. Managing data that is produced in the daily operations which is a difficult process is resolved through the use of cloud computing software. For gaining competitive advantage they are providing training to their employees which helps them n adding value to their products. Current gaps or challenges encountered by consumers of accounting software As per the views of Ward, (2012) there are many kinds of gaps or challenges that is encountered by customers of accounting software. Xero is one of that largest company in providing accounting software used by users. Some of the biggest challenges that are faced by the users are: Lack of security (Anwar, 2016). Weak reporting service Lack of efficiency Out-dated and lack of accuracy It is not user-friendly as well as customisation is difficult Some kinds of features are missing as well as it is expensive Poor customer relationship management There is some kind of software compatibility problems. No 24*7 technical support The poor speed of access (Anderson, Narus Narayandas, 2009). Some of the recommendations that can be given in this regard are as follows: Use of firewalls can protect them from increasing hijacks. Cloud-based accounting software can help users in accessing it at the faster rate. Take use of technical experts can reduce software compatibility problem. Conclusion From the above-based report, BHP Billiton is one of the best biggest mining and petroleum firm in the world. It is important for the firm to manage its processes by making use of various kinds of software. Enterprise resource planning is one of the best software that can be utilized by the firm so as to make many kinds of planning. The customised software can also be used by the firms. Since there are many kinds of accounting software that is used by the firm for managing their financial resource. There are several kinds of gaps and challenges that are present in the accounting software and all these can be reduced by the use of other software. There are many bigger firms that are working in the same industry. They are using different kinds of technological software for gaining competitive advantage. References Anderson, J. C., Narus, J. A., Narayandas, D. 2009, Business market management: Understanding, creating, and delivering value. Pearson Prentice Hall. Anwar, K. 2016, Comparison between cost leadership and differentiation strategy in agricultural businesses. Cyprus International University. Aspara, J., Lamberg, J.A., Laukia, A. and Tikkanen, H., 2011. Strategic management of business model transformation: lessons from Nokia. Management Decision, 49(4), pp.622-647. Barney, J.B., 2012. Purchasing, supply chain management and sustained competitive advantage: The relevance of resource?based theory.Journal of supply chain management,48(2), pp.3-6. Fleisher, C. S., Bensoussan, B. E. 2015,Business and competitive analysis: effective application of new and classic methods. FT Press. Grey, E.M., Emer, O. Sheng, Y. 2014, Australian agricultural productivity growth. Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences. Hahn, W. Powers. T.L. 2010, Strategic plan quality, implementation capability, and firm performance. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 9(1), 63-81. Heras?Saizarbitoria, I. and Boiral, O., 2013. ISO 9001 and ISO 14001: towards a research agenda on management system standards.International Journal of Management Reviews,15(1), pp.47-65. Hill, C. W., Jones, G. R., Schilling, M. A. 2014,Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Hitt, M.A., Ireland, R.D. and Hoskisson, R.E., 2012.Strategic management cases: competitiveness and globalization. Cengage Learning. Lpez-Nicols, C. and Meroo-Cerdn, .L., 2011. Strategic knowledge management, innovation and performance.International journal of information management,31(6), pp.502-509. Priem, R.L., Li, S. and Carr, J.C., 2012. Insights and new directions from demand-side approaches to technology innovation, entrepreneurship, and strategic management research.Journal of management,38(1), pp.346-374. Stead, J.G. and Stead, W.E., 2013.Sustainable strategic management. ME Sharpe. Swayne, L.E., Duncan, W.J. and Ginter, P.M., 2012.Strategic management of health care organizations. John Wiley Sons. Trovo, J.P., Pereirinha, P.G., Jorge, H.M. and Antunes, C.H., 2013. A multi-level energy management system for multi-source electric vehiclesan integrated rule-based meta-heuristic approach. Applied Energy, 105, pp.304-318. Ward, K., 2012.Strategic management accounting. Routledge.

28 Super Simple Things You Can Do to Be Happier [Infographic]

28 Super Simple Things You Can Do to Be Happier [Infographic] Sometimes in our daily life, small annoyances and irritations can build up and begin to affect your day to day mood, health and general well-being. It is so easy to get content with our day to day life, but there are always things we can do to improve our well-being and happiness. This infographic by MyBreast outlines 28 simple things you can do every day to improve your happiness, from things as simple as sending an email to an old friend to celebrate small success with people you care about. You could even turn this into a 28 days challenge to improve your life. By the end of 28 days, you should look back and see how much impact small positive things can have over your well-being and happiness. [Source: Mybreast]

Free Essays on William The Conqueror

During a visit in 1051 to his childless cousin, Edward the Confessor, king of England, William is said to have obtained Edward's agreement that he should succeed to the English throne. In 1053, defying a papal ban, William married Matilda of Flanders, daughter of Baldwin V, count of Flanders and a descendant of King Alfred the Great, thereby strengthening his claim to the crown of England. Henry I, fearing the strong bond between Normandy and Flanders resulting from the marriage, attempted in 1054 and again in 1058 to crush the powerful duke, but on both occasions William defeated the French king's forces. Conquest of England About 1064, the powerful English noble, Harold, earl of Wessex, was shipwrecked on the Norman coast and taken prisoner by William. He secured his release by swearing to support William's claim to the English throne. When King Edward died, however, the witenagemot (royal council) elected Harold king. Determined to make good his claim, William secured the sanction of Pope Alexander II for a Norman invasion of England. The duke and his army landed at Pevensey on September 28, 1066. On October 14, the Normans defeated the English forces at the celebrated Battle of Hastings, in which Harold was slain. William then proceeded to London, crushing the resistance he encountered on the way. On Christmas Day he was crowned king of England in Westminster Abbey. The English did not accept foreign rule without a struggle. William met the opposition, which was particularly violent in the north and west, with strong measures; he was responsible for the devastation of great areas of the country, particularly in Yorkshire, where Danish forces had arrived to aid the Saxon rebels. By 1070 the Norman conquest of England was complete. William invaded Scotland in 1072 and forced the Scottish king Malcolm III MacDuncan to pay him homage. During the succeeding years the Conqueror crushed insurrections among his Norman followers, includ... Free Essays on William The Conqueror Free Essays on William The Conqueror During a visit in 1051 to his childless cousin, Edward the Confessor, king of England, William is said to have obtained Edward's agreement that he should succeed to the English throne. In 1053, defying a papal ban, William married Matilda of Flanders, daughter of Baldwin V, count of Flanders and a descendant of King Alfred the Great, thereby strengthening his claim to the crown of England. Henry I, fearing the strong bond between Normandy and Flanders resulting from the marriage, attempted in 1054 and again in 1058 to crush the powerful duke, but on both occasions William defeated the French king's forces. Conquest of England About 1064, the powerful English noble, Harold, earl of Wessex, was shipwrecked on the Norman coast and taken prisoner by William. He secured his release by swearing to support William's claim to the English throne. When King Edward died, however, the witenagemot (royal council) elected Harold king. Determined to make good his claim, William secured the sanction of Pope Alexander II for a Norman invasion of England. The duke and his army landed at Pevensey on September 28, 1066. On October 14, the Normans defeated the English forces at the celebrated Battle of Hastings, in which Harold was slain. William then proceeded to London, crushing the resistance he encountered on the way. On Christmas Day he was crowned king of England in Westminster Abbey. The English did not accept foreign rule without a struggle. William met the opposition, which was particularly violent in the north and west, with strong measures; he was responsible for the devastation of great areas of the country, particularly in Yorkshire, where Danish forces had arrived to aid the Saxon rebels. By 1070 the Norman conquest of England was complete. William invaded Scotland in 1072 and forced the Scottish king Malcolm III MacDuncan to pay him homage. During the succeeding years the Conqueror crushed insurrections among his Norman followers, includ...

Obaid Al Slamis Career Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Obaid Al Slamis Career - Assignment Example Mr. Slami has a complete career in the banking sector and he started off as an assistant general manager. In the initial years of his career, he was a bit confused and sidetracked about the type of job to do in order to focus on one career. This can be inferred from the fact that first, he started off as a part-time as an assistant manager and then he changed his line to teaching accounting for about a good three years. This can also be stated as a positive aspect that the individual had a deep insight about the technical know-how through his experience as a part-time. The second added benefit is that he also had a good amount of knowledge about the facts and figures pertaining to the area of accounting through his teaching career. Mr. Slami is also somebody who has a pretty good knowledge of how different types of banks function because throughout his career he switched to many various types of banks. He has the experience of about three different banks. He has even worked as an auditor and finally ended up being the General Manager in an investment bank. Career development is a complete procedure of how an individual takes up a different variety of tasks, and roles to develop a set line of skills and experience. A career in terms of jobs is committing, yourself to a role physically and emotionally for a certain period of time. This time period is helpful in gaining an insight of the tasks carried out at a particular job and human developmental training. For this purpose, it is highly essential that the individual is focused, carrier oriented and be moving towards a level of self-actualization. The person mentioned in the resume takes the career as a structured pattern of activities that tend to create a path in one direction focused on one field of interest.  

A clinical incident Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

A clinical incident - Essay Example Mr. Halliday who had just undergone surgery for gastric carcinoma under general anaesthesia had respiratory distress during my posting in the post operative room. The anaesthetist advised tracheostomy. Immediately my senior whom I had assisted twice already in the procedure and observed it being done by her many times, posted me to the duty of assisting the anaesthetist to do it. I had half an hour to prepare myself, the patient and the family for the procedure. The moment that I learned that I had been posted, I felt a little shaky. Could I go through with it? It was my first participation in a tracheostomy. The senior boosted my confidence and told me she would be around if assistance was needed. First I ensured the availability of the emergency tracheostomy kit. I had to speak to the patient and his family of wife and son about the procedure and its outcome. The patient himself was a little hazy from the anaesthesia of surgery. The wife and son were easily convinced but they wanted to know whether it is just for now or long term. Informing them that it has been intended for a short duration now and is being done for controlling the secretions, I felt pleased that things had started off smoothly. Checking the list that is used for the packing of instruments and other equipment for the emergency tracheostomy during preparation for autoclaving, I felt everything needed had been ready. The outer tube, the snugly fitting inner tube, the flange which lies against the patient’s chest and the 15mm termination which fits all ventilators and respiratory equipment were the main components necessary (Tracheostomy care working group, 2000). The optional parts were the cuff which helps fix the tube in position, the air inlet valve which prevents the escape of air, the air inlet line which would allow air to move from the air inlet valve to the cuff and the pilot cuff which is an indicator of the amount of air in the cuff (Tracheostomy care working group,

The Case of the Off-Rhythm Bongo Player Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Case of the Off-Rhythm Bongo Player - Essay Example As explained by Jason Bardi reports from the Scripps Institute, "calcium is a second messenger and regulates many different intracellular processes, including gene expression within cells." (Bardi, 2004) and "the transfer or spread of this excitability to a neuronal network, manifested as electro-graphic and clinical seizures, occurs via synaptic transmission." (Wellmer J, Su H, Beck H, Yaari Y and Eur J Neurosci, 2002) The effect on ion channels and effect on threshold are distinctive in the sense that "native calcium channels have been classified by both their electrophysiological and pharmacological properties and are generally divided into low-threshold (T-types) and high threshold (L-, N-, P/Q- and R-types). The L-, N-, P/Q- and R-type channels typically activate at membrane potentials near -30 mV and display diverse kinetic, voltage-dependent and pharmacological properties.1 The availability of specific pharmacological agents targeting the high threshold channels has permitted elucidation of many of their physiological functions. The T-type calcium channels describe a class of molecules that transiently activate at relatively negative potentials (-60 mV) and for which a general lack of high-affinity selective blockers has made their exact physiological contributions lag behind those of the high-voltage activated isoforms" (Snutch, 2005) The effect on Bado's muscles including the aching, twitching and tingling fingers is based on how the calcium mediates constriction and relaxation of blood vessels. This includes those excitable cells which controls the nerve impulses like those occurring in his twitching fingers. More definitively explained by Jane Higdon of the Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon University, calcium plays a role in mediating the constriction and relaxation of blood vessels (vasoconstriction and vasodilation), nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction, and the secretion of hormones, such as insulin. Excitable cells, such as skeletal muscle and nerve cells, contain voltage-dependent calcium channels in their cell membranes that allow for rapid changes in calcium concentrations. For example, when a muscle fiber receives a nerve impulse that stimulates it to contract, calcium channels in the cell membrane open to allow a few calcium ions into the muscle cell. These calcium ions bind to activator proteins within the cell that release a flood of calcium ions from storage vesicles inside the cell. The binding of calcium to the protein, troponin-c, initiates a series of steps that lead to muscle contraction. The binding of calcium to the protein, calmodulin, activates enzymes that breakdown muscle glycogen to provide energy for muscle contraction. (Higdon, 2003) As explained in the following afflictions, cell excitability and effects on the skeletal muscle are discussed: a) Hyperkalemia: "In acute hyperkalemia, the ratio of intracellular to extracellular K+ is decreased. The gap between the resting membrane potential to the excitability threshold is decreased and the nerve conduction is initiated more easily. If this continues it progresses to weakness of muscles. Gradual hyperkalemia, as in

Using Enterprise Gamification For Improving Business Essay

Using Enterprise Gamification For Improving Business Essay Gamification is the concept of applying game-design thinking to non-game applications to make them more fun and engaging. (Gamification Wiki, 2012) Though a relatively new field, gamification has been used in a variety of applications albeit in a simpler manner, from driving customer loyalty through loyalty points to improving employee engagement within the workforce using titles such as Employee of the Month The latter is an example of enterprise gamification wherein enterprises use gamified systems to bring about internal change. However most such systems are currently heavily simplified and extrinsically focused, only looking to reward employees with badges, which leads to the danger of reducing the employees intrinsic motivations. Also, many of the enterprise gamification platforms have only been designed for use in the developed world and hence the need to explore how these might differ for an Indian audience with its different set of motivations and appeal to them. Taking these into account, this paper looks to explore how gamification works and what are the underlying psychological factors and how Indian enterprises can use it in their employee development process. The findings would lead to a proposed enterprise gamified framework for improving workplace motivations and the performance appraisal process currently being practiced in Indian organizations. Lastly we look at the possible limitations of having such a system in place at the enterprise level and explore areas of further development for future research. Introduction A common definition of gamification is the application of game elements in non game contexts (Deterding, 2011) At the heart of gamification is the objective of getting the desired behavioral response by appealing to the players motivations. A repeatedly used approach is to use the scoring elements used in video games and use them in a different context. Though the term is relatively new, this concept has been in application for centuries in the form of frequent flyer loyalty programs for customers, enterprise leader boards in the sales and customer care divisions. However, in recent years the concept has gradually seen an increasing no. of applications within the enterprise. Some of the examples are listed below Intranet The SAP community network is an internally used community network (intranet) where leader boards for domain experts in every domain is maintained Productivity Enhancement Call centers are using gamification techniques to improve representative performance by making use of leaderboards, levels, virtual badges and immediate feedback. The danger could be that it could be used as a tool to constantly monitor and pressurizing them. Efficiency Enhancement Efficiency enhancement is about improving general skill level of employees and not just the work related to their job. Helping employees deal with their emails is an example. Companies use gamification elements such as progress bars, virtual points and feedback on time spent for emails to help them deal with this. Seriosity is another company that has created a virtual currency around the emails. This helps employees decide which mails to deal with first and decide the urgency of the emails they are sending out to other employees. Knowledge Management Application called WhoWhatWhere is an enterprise collaboration system where consultants are encouraged to share information about what they are working on thereby making it easier for consultants working on similar projects to get in touch with them and seek help Innovation The UK Dept of Works Pension created the Ideastreet, essentially seen as a trading platform for ideas. Employees put forward ideas which have a inherent stock listed price associated with them. Other employees have the option of buying or selling these stocks so that a few of the ideas have a much higher market cap than the others. This has proved to be a well performing solution, with the no. of new ideas being implemented increasing by the tune of 54%. Recruiting and Onboarding Gamification is also being used for recruitment for certain managerial positions using online simulation games that depict real life scenarios and test the decision making skills of the players. This competition leads to a pool of best players who are then considered as potential candidates for the company. All the above mentioned examples of enterprise gamification and gamified systems in general, can be broadly classified according to what user motivations they cater to, which could be intrinsic or extrinsic motivations. The concern with gamified systems that are heavily extrinsically focused such as the one currently employed in call centers, is the long term negative impact that most organizations are not aware of. This is something that shall be addressed in detail in subsequent sections in this paper. Organisations that offer gamification platforms for employee engagement are growing in developed countries. Bunchball is currently one of the biggest which offers Nitro as a plugin gamification application to Salesforce. The Indian enterprise market however, is currently largely untapped and presents huge opportunities for the same. Most Indian employees find the current performance appraisal systems in most organizations highly inefficient and unsatisfactory. The current efforts of the HR professionals to improve employee seem to fall short with workplace morale and productivity running lower than desired. Taking these factors into consideration, this paper looks to propose an enterprise gamification model for improving intrinsic workplace motivations and the performance appraisal systems currently in place in Indian organizations. Theoretical Background What are Games? A formal broad definition applicable to all forms of games proposed by Zimmermann Salen, 2003 says that A game is a system in which players engage in artificial conflict, defined by rules, which result in a quantifiable outcome. However, what this definition lacks is the notion of a feedback system. The feedback system can take the form of points, levels, progress bars and serves to quantify the progress made by the user, how close/far the user is from the goal and provides motivation to keep on playing. In addition to this is the concept of voluntary participation. Be it indoor games such as monopoly, social games, alternate reality games to the most popular sports played today, voluntary participation requires that each one plays the game willingly, accepting the rules and goals of the system with the freedom to enter and leave the game whenever desired. This ensures that the artificially created challenging environment is not found threatening and can be experienced as a playful, safe and enjoyable activity. All these characteristics of the definition of a game are important and are modelled by Dignan in the figure below (Dignan, 2011): A definition of a game (Dignan, 2011) What makes Games so Engaging? Before we delve further, it is important to explore what is it about games that is so engaging and why it seems to be the answer to current workplace engagement and productivity issues according to us. An important research conducted by McGonigal to explore how playing games leads to human happiness has answers to this question. According to McGonigal (2011) studies have actually shown that people are at their happiest when doing hard work at the borders of their skill level. Only when people are continuously challenged according to their skill levels and continuously receive feedback on their work will they have a sustained engagement, otherwise they will end up getting bored.C:UsersmicaDesktopFlow.png This is also explained well by a central model for the appeal for video games the concept of flow. According to psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, people feel best when they are neither underchallenged nor overchallenged but at the right level of skills. And as people learn with time and repetition, challenges have to increase to keep up with growing skills. The research goes on to say that most of the traditionally considered relaxing activities such as watching TV, are actually mildly depressing. She argues that this is because companies often fail to continuously challenge employees at the right level in a structured way without giving them frequent feedback. In short, it goes on to proclaim that The Opposite of Work is not Play, it is Depression. Empirical studies also show how the responses that games elicit are very similar to real life emotions, if not the same. Even if the reward might be growing more crops in Farm Ville, the reward though purely fictitious elicits an emotional state that happens to be no different from a real life scenario. To summarize there are multiple dimensions to games that cater to different needs of the players and have been segregated as follows When it comes to the workplace, at a fundamental level we could conclude that the work in itself not the demotivating factor for workers in an organization. It is more so the lack of one or more of the above needs that results in a decrease in their morale over time. For example a rigid company structure could end up stifling the workers need for independence or autonomy. More so, the absence of a continuous challenge that gives employees an opportunity to master their skills and a more regular, robust feedback system that helps them figure where they stand is currently missing. A gamified system would serve the solution for this through continuous feedback on their current skill set and quantifying their scope of improvement. A choice provided to the user at various stages to set their own goals would mean that their need for autonomy is also served to. Throughout this paper, we would henceforth look at building a framework considering these factors. Using Games as a Form of Behavioural Change Dr. BJ Fogg of Stanford University developed a behavioural model which described three elements Motivation, Ability and Trigger that are necessary for behavioural change to occur. In essence, the greater the user motivation, more the probability of hard to do abilities being performed. Similarly if the motivation for the user is very low, the ability demanded to perform the task must be also very low ie easy to do. C:UsersmicaDesktopFogg.png Even when both motivation and ability are sufficiently high to reach the threshold, a trigger becomes necessary to be able to change the user behaviour. The model is intended to help designers identify what stops people from performing the intended behaviour. Game elements go a long way in incorporating this model to change user behavior in the following manner 1. Game dynamics use positive feedbacks in the form of points, scores, progress, social status etc which help in improving user motivation. 2. Through training and master of skills, they increase the perceived ability of users by making difficult jobs simpler and more manageable. 3. Game dynamics place triggers in the path of motivated users at the optimal level of user ability to trigger a behavioural change. Gamification for Motivational Design At the core of the gamification system is tapping into the right motivational factors that drive users. Since the motivators vary for different people, game systems needs to be customized accordingly. Broadly speaking, motivators can be divided into extrinsic and intrinsic motivators. Extrinsic motivators are driven by external rewards such as the desire for power and status. Intrinsic motivators are driven by the inherent joy of doing the task itself instead of using any external reward mechanisms. Such motivators at the workplace might include autonomy, mastery, curiosity and feeling connected to the overall cause of the company. Traditionally, most enterprises have essentially made use of extrinsic motivators to motivate employees and enhance productivity. But studies show that excessive focus on external rewards results in users losing their intrinsic motivation to perform the task that previously existed, which is not in the best interests of the user itself. If the organization starts using gamification based upon external rewards and then stops the rewards program, it will be worse off than when it started as users will be less likely to return to the behavior without the external reward (Deci, Koestner Ryan, 2001). Good gamification practise however emphasizes on intrinsic motivators to help them succeed in work life. Hence the concept of meaningful gamification takes it a level further through gamified designs, with the user at its centre, appealing to his/her intrinsic motivations and with a focus on providing user benefits without any adverse effects in the long run. Reiss Sixteen Motivators (2001) Despite the many theories in the field, few are based on actual scientific research. One of them was Steven Reiss who in his book Who am I comes up with 16 categories of motivators which are collected in a statistical manner using which he tries to explain human behaviour. Among the 16 we found only 11 categories to be relevant to the workplace as the rest were found to be related to basic physical needs such as consuming eating which is outside our scope. The 11 categories are presented below with a brief description of their desire profile and segregated into intrinsic and extrinsic motivators accordingly: The dominant motivators among this list would be different for the various profile segments, hence research would be necessary to figure out the most important motivators at work for Indian employees which will form the core of the gamification framework to be designed. Research Methodology A quantitative approach was adopted by means of a survey to capture the relative importance of the 11 Reiss motivators found to influence human behavior in a workplace environment. The sample size for the survey was 36 individuals working in different organizations across India. Respondents were asked to rate the importance of the motivators for them on a Likert Scale. After their responses were captured, a regression was run to establish a relationship between the respondents levels of motivation in a workplace and the various motivators. The relative importance of the motivators was then established by comparing their standardized coefficients. The process then led us to the motivators that were considered most important by Indian employees in the context of a workplace environment. C:UsersmicaDesktopTempg.png Research Methodology Process Leading to the Gamified Framework These dominant workplace motivators and barriers to adoption insights would then be used to design the appropriate game mechanics and come up with the final gamified system as shown in the figure above. Findings Analyzing the results of the survey showed us that Indian Employees are motivated by factors such as curiosity, independence,social contact status and not factors such as competition or power. This implies that the gamification structure that is created needs to have game layers that focuses on group tasks and freedom of players involved in the game. The game layers also need to emphasize on increasing ability since curiosityis an important motivator for Indian employees. On the basis of the results obtained we make the approach to design a gamified framework. Since there currently does not exist a fixed method of developing a gamified system we have given our recommendations based on these results and the theoretical construct described above. Choosing the Right Game Mechanics The biggest problem with todays workplace is the absence of any structured goals that provide an optimal challenge, real time feedback of ones own performance and how the contribution has an impact at an organizational level. In this context game mechanics serve the purpose of increasing either ability or motivation to accomplish the desired behaviour for the employees through real time feedback in the form of points, progress bars etc and other components. Since the major motivators in the Indian workplace context have been found to be curiosity, social contact status and independence/autonomy, care must be taken to see that different game mechanics are in place to cater to these motivations. Hence the following proposition consisting of three different features that serve a different purpose, appropriate mechanisms would be used 1. Personal Efficiency Model For Curiosity Autonomy Motivators To-do lists and progress bar map to track the employees personal goals such as time management, emails cleared, level of project completed etc both to increase ability and motivation. This is done by assigning progress to create incentives for players to complete goals they set for themselves. A sample diagram depicting the same is as given below C:UsersmicaDesktopPicture1.png Sample Visual Map of Individually Set Goals and Status of Completion To cater to the employees motivation for curiosity, a set of interactive quizzes and challenges of different levels testing his/her knowledge in the domain would be necessary. The levels would be of adaptable difficulty (such as in GMAT exams), based on the performance of the worker in the previous level. Customisation components to choose personal goals in different competency areas. This provides workers with a feeling of independence and autonomy. 2. Online Stock Market Model For Status and Social Contact Idea Resource A game where individuals come up with innovative ideas in their domain which are listed on the virtual stock exchange. Employees can now buy/sell these ideas using in game currency so that each idea now has a market cap too. Resource Management using in-game currency as extrinsic rewards for good idea suggestions 3. Peer Recognition and Social Features For Social Contact and Status Community features to encourage unexpected positive feedback from peers and improve motivation when individual contribution levels have reached. A similar interface to elicit positive peer feedback on a software called Rypple is shown in the figure. Social Badges to cater to the players need for appreciation from colleagues and flaunt their status C:UsersmicaDesktopwork.jpg Social Recognition Feature Employed on Rypple.com Designing a Gamification Framework There are three major frameworks and models included in this paper for the purpose of coming up with a gamification framework. There are Dignans Game Frame which describes all the necessary components of a behavioural game (Dignan, 2011), Dr. Reiss Sixteen motivators which describes what motivates the player (Reiss, 2001) and lastly Dr. Foggs Behaviour model which examines how a new behaviour is realised (Fogg, 2011). Dignan describes a behavioural game as made up by ten components which together design the framework Game Frame (Dignan, 2011). The Game Frame allows the designer to look at any behavioural game from the top down, understand its essential parts and see how they together make up a game. In this paper, Dignans Game Frame is used as a structure to describe the situation. This structure needs to be filled with information based on our research. However, to design how the game is played and the available tools for the players, one needs to know what kind of behaviour that is intended (outcome). Before designing how it is played, what currently inhibits the intended behaviour (the obstacles) were investigated from the survey results. The characteristics of these obstacles are then categorised in terms of lack of ability or motivation with Dr. Foggs behavioural model to investigate what kinds of mechanics that will be most efficient to promote the new behaviour. We now take each element of the Dignans frame to explain the overall gamification framework for our system. The Objective and Activity The objectives of this recommended gamified framework will be to encourage employee innovation at the workplace, improve the intrinsic motivation of the employee in alignment with the organizational objectives and to put in place a more robust performance feedback system. Reinforce good habits and real-time recognition and rewards. Recognize achievement publicly or give real rewards in the discount coupons. The main activities of the game will involve entering logs, giving feedback to peers and/or submitting ideas apart from setting custom goals. The Player Profile Based on the results that we obtained using our research, an attempt was made to create a profile for players involved in the system i.e. Indian employees. Since curiosity, status, Independence and social contact proved to be the most important indicators, certain inferences were drawn about the behavior of Indian Employees: Peer recognition and appreciation by fellow employees were significant Learning and development of new skills acts as a powerful motivator Employees remain driven if given the freedom to decide their own goals and pace to achieve those goals Team activities or tasks that involved the organization as a whole generates a lot of interest . Outcomes The last frame in Dignans game frame is the outcomes that are generated along the way of the game. The short-term outcomes should primarily be to get individual feedback on everyday activities at work. The long-term outcomes are to get a clearer picture of the career progress, improve employee morale through feedback. The outcomes of the game are to receive immediate individual feedback about the organizational impact of their contributions and to visualize the career progress. Defining the Feedback Cycle A significant feedback would be in the form of the community-like feature where employees can give feedback on each others personal goal statuses. The motivational factor will be increased by community-driven feedback and intangible rewards. These rewards should be in terms of in-game currency, and badges for reaching a certain personal achievement. One important part of the competence model is that the employees estimate their own performance. In terms of the feedback, this means that the employees need to estimate the value of their own performances in this system as well. Hence, when logging an activity, the employee needs to estimate how valuable that particular action is. Defining Resources and Skills Resources are the drivers of game using which a player moves forward within a game. The resources in the stock based platform for ideas is the virtual currency that players are allotted to buy/sell. Since the currency allotted to players is limited, players must ensure that they allocate it judiciously for ideas that they think will work best. In case of the Gamified feedback system, resources are the badges and points that act as motivators and used to display appreciation for ones efforts. Skills are specialized abilities one that puts to use in a behavioral game and can be categorized as physical, mental and social. Our gamified set up requires players to use their mental skills for generation of ideas and continuous learning and social skills that help individuals get their ideas to be popular and well traded. Triggers Certain activities work very well as triggers. For example simple activities like sending notifications to employees that tell him of his weekly performance in a domain vis-Ã  -vis another employee who is working in a similar domain could act a trigger for the employee .Notifications could also tell the employee of his weekly performance over his/her last weeks performance .The direct comparison is such cases could help employees set the pace for the rest of the week. Transparency Should an employees performance be revealed to other employees? It is a question that needs serious consideration. Often employees do not like the comparison that comes with the sharing of another employees progress and such comparisons could prove to be fatal. An example would be a gamification system based on leader boards employed by Disney for its laundry workers. The real time sharing of information about a workers performance and the continuous comparisons hampered employee performance and created a sense of nervousness amongst employees. On the other hand sharing information is an integral part of the feedback mechanism that allows one to comment and receive feedback on ones progress.A possible solution to the problem would be to let the employee decide by giving him the choice to reveal his/her personal information to whomsoever they want. System Limitations The suggested gamification system has its own strengths and weaknesses. One of the most obvious thing that needs to be ensured is long term engagement. Gamified setups are designed to achieve both short term and long term objectives and therefore needs to be continuously developed and maintained to ensure that players dont get bored. Emphasis must lie on increasing ability of the players and changing the motivational elements within the structure which involves bringing in new game elements and tweaking existing game mechanics Another limitation of a stock market like setup for Ideas is that there comes a time when stocks might be traded due to their association with people and not with ideas. There is an inherent danger of the system becoming a personality driven platform rather than a platform being idea driven. The other danger which has already been mentioned is that of a player getting too involved in the game and restricting his concerns to achieving a higher stock price for the ideas selected by him/her and not the ones that can bring a change. Finally there is the question of participation. Games require voluntary participation from all its players. A platform meant merely for ideas that does not fall within the purview of an employees personal responsibility may not encourage players to voluntarily participate. Employees may however be encouraged by their superiors to part of such a set up but this runs the risk of an employee engaging in the system with not much interest. Any social game requires participation and lack of interest to participate can prove detrimental to the setup. Ideas of System Future Potential and Further Development Even if the suggested game layer attempts to promote each activity by adding motivational elements, a big focus on increased ability has permeated the selection and design of the game mechanics. To achieve a greater impact, organizational elements at the workplace need to be included in the system so that in-game rewards have a clear connection to the consultants career. One step in that direction would be to incorporate projects as part of the game layer. That would allow log entries to be linked to specific project entities and the connection between the system and what the consultant actually do will be clearer (instituting a more relevant feedback loop). It would also create a good way for project leaders and management to give feedback. The down side, and the main reason that it is not proposed, is that it would bring an additional dimension, raising the commitment and time needed to use the system. There is also great potential in adding team based mechanics into the system. These could be project based teams or made up teams. There are many examples showing that the social component in team-based activities is a powerful way of affecting behavior. Dedication takes time but enables more ways to create relevant feedback loops, awards more strongly connected to the consultants professional situation, in-game currency that can be spent in various ways, team-based structure and challenges etc. It is all a question how deep the gamification system is allowed to permeate through the organisation. Another important aspect that needs to be considered before the implementation of a gamified system is to identify how it will impact the skill level of employees. Employee skills can be classified into -a) Core skills i.e. those skills that all employees in the organization are expected to have, b)Unique skills i.e. skills that are unique to an individual and c)Future skills i.e. skills that an employee would like to have in the future. A gamified set up works best in situations where employees can put to use their core skills to be part of a team-based activity for the greater organizational good or in situations where individuals can develop future skills as part of their personal responsibility. While it is imperative that organizations look closely towards data, employee behavior and organizational culture to create a gamification structure that can best support its objectives; it must take steps to ensure that an employee remains motivated to fulfill his responsibilities and does not get lost in the game.

I Will Use My God Given Talents in the Practice of Law Essay -- Law Co

I Will Use My God Given Talents in the Practice of law Given an understanding of the scarcity and importance of time and the fleeting nature of existence, time commitment decisions are among the most important choices that an individual has to make. I believe that time is a gift from God and it is up to individuals to make wise decisions regarding how they will invest the time that God has granted them. My perception of time dictates, to a degree, how I chose to use it. I believe that time is linear - there is a beginning and an end - God, the creator of time. For this reason, I strive to use my time wisely. One day I will be unable to live like I do now, so I believe that it is important to make the most of what time I have. However, I also perceive time to be a progression of cycles that God has set in motion. I need constant reminders of both my insignificance and my potential for changing the course of time. I believe that my existence is a small part in a much larger scheme that I'll never comprehend. The fact that I wake up in the morning is mind-boggling when I consider that I am no more deserving of life than the Southeast Asian child that dies of hunger or the elderly woman that dies alone in a cold, cavernous rest home. Time continues to perpetuate itself, but I have yet to be included in the endless cycle of deaths that paves the way for new births. My life is a precious gift from God; in many ways, I have no control over my future - a truth that I have accepted and use as a motivation to manage what time I have wisely. Furthermore, despite a fundamental lack of control of the inevitable, I believe that my time commitments do result in meaningful action. Though time may cycle, my actions and their cons... ...riendship showed me the true value of one-hour a week well spent. My part-time work in the UNC Computer Science Department has given me unparalleled first-hand training in the information technology field. I plan to go to law school in order to become and IT lawyer upon graduation' my work with computers has given me relevant exposure that will benefit me when I begin to practice law. Like the choices I made in high school and so far in college, my decision to pursue law school is rooted time. I am prepared to devote four years of my life to more studying and exams so t hat I may become an attorney. Law school will unquestionably be a commitment that affects my fast-approaching future; as a lawyer, I'll make numerous more decisions concerning time in an effort to uphold justice, preserve the American ideal, and hopefully make someone's life a little better.